After Gutenberg

Consistent with a commitment to “socially responsible and sustainable business practices, designed to reduce its impact on the environment and improve communities around the world,” UPS, the world’s largest package delivery company, is ready to put HHVs (Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicles) to work.

This blog previously had noted HHV development by Eaton. UPS purchased the modified vehicles from Navistar International® maker of commercial and military trucks, MaxxForce™ brand diesel engines, IC brand school and commercial buses and Workhorse® brand chassis for motor homes and step vans.

The purchase is part of a public-private partnership, UPS, EPA, Eaton, and Navistar working together to increase the commercial availability and use of alternative fuel vehicles. As previously noted, UPS had participated in road-tests of the technology over a two year period. They now become the first delivery company to place an order for HHVs (Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles).

Regenerative braking results from having a means to capture, store, and reuse the energy. It is possible to add this feature with hydraulic systems rather than relying upon electric drive. The question is whether the addition of hydraulic “regen” to make a green fleet is over the long term more effective than adding a regenerative braking system that is integral to an electric drive.

“There is no question that hydraulic hybrids, although little known to the public, are ready for prime time use on the streets of America,” said David Abney, UPS’s chief operating officer. “We are not declaring hydraulic hybrids a panacea for our energy woes, but this technology certainly is as promising as anything we’ve seen to date.”

Disclosing the results of its road testing on Detroit routes for the first time, UPS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said the prototype vehicle had achieved a 45-to-50 percent improvement in fuel economy compared to conventional diesel delivery trucks. UPS believes similar fuel economy improvements and a 30 percent reduction in CO2 are achievable in daily, real-world use. The EPA believes the technology can perform equally well in other applications such as shuttle and transit buses and refuse pick-up trucks.

UPS will deploy the first two of the new HHV’s in Minneapolis during the first quarter of 2009. Eaton, which helped develop and refine the vehicle’s hydraulic hybrid power system, will monitor the vehicle’s fuel economy performance and emissions in the Minneapolis area. The additional five HHV’s will be deployed later in 2009 and early 2010.

With a diesel “series” hydraulic hybrid of the type being purchased by UPS, a high-efficiency diesel engine is combined with a unique hydraulic propulsion system, replacing the conventional drive train and transmission. The vehicle uses hydraulic pumps and hydraulic storage tanks to capture and store energy, similar to what is done with electric motors and batteries in a hybrid electric vehicle. In this case, the diesel engine is used to periodically recharge pressure in the hydraulic propulsion system. Fuel economy is increased in three ways: vehicle braking energy is recovered that normally is wasted; the engine is operated more efficiently, and the engine can be shut off when stopped or decelerating.

The advantage of HHV technology is lower initial costs. EPA estimates (YEMV — Your Environment May Vary), when manufactured in high volume, thus sold at a lower than federal development budget costs, the additional cost of hybrid components can be recouped in less than three years. Use of regenerative braking means substantially lower fuel costs and less cost for brake maintenance.

Eaton began working with the EPA in October 2001 under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement involving hydraulic hybrid systems and components. As part of Eaton’s role in designing and developing hybrid technologies, the company’s engineers were co-located at the EPA’s Ann Arbor facility. Eaton also earned a number of hybrid power system patents and continues to work on a number of other hybrid vehicles initiatives with UPS and others.

The UPS press release notes their current green fleet “totals more than 1,600 low-carbon vehicles, including all-electric, hybrid electric, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and propane-powered trucks.”

In addition to the hydraulic hybrid, UPS has road-tested hydrogen fuel cell delivery trucks. UPS began deploying alternative fuel vehicles in the 1930′s with a fleet of electric trucks in New York City.

The HHV vehicle order follows the May 2008 purchase of 500 hybrid electric and CNG vehicles and the April 2008 deployment of 167 new CNG vehicles in Atlanta, Dallas, Los Angeles, Ontario, San Ramon, Fresno and Sacramento. With UPS’s new purchases, the company’s “green fleet,” already the largest private fleet in the transportation industry, will total more than 2,100 vehicles.

UPS Video